According to Bonewitz, the definition of a gemstone is broad and the term can be used to describe any mineral that is highly prized for its beauty, durability, and rarity. A gem is a mineral that is enhanced in some way by altering its shape, usually cutting and polishing. Most gems begin as crystals of minerals (such as diamonds or sapphires) or as aggreagates of crystals (such as malachite of jadeite). A limited number of noncrystalline materials of organic origin (such as pearl and amber) are also classified as gemstones, and are usually referred to as organic gems.
Some new age beliefs about gemstones and crystals include healing powers when placed against the body this belief can be traced back to ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.
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